In general, a capacitor has two conducting plates, separated by a dielectric medium. If positive voltage is applied across the capacitor, then it stores positive charge. Similarly, if negative voltage is applied across the capacitor, then it stores negative charge.So, the amount of charge stored in the capacitor depends on the applied voltage V across it and they have linear relationship.
Mathematically, it can be written as
Where,
▪︎Q is the charge stored in the capacitor.
▪︎C is the capacitance of a capacitor.
Let the current flowing through the capacitor is I amperes and the voltage across it is V volts. The symbol of capacitor along with current I and voltage V are shown in the following figure.
We know that the current is nothing but the time rate of flow of charge. Mathematically, it can be represented as
From the above equations, we can conclude that there exists a linear relationship between voltage across capacitor and current flowing through it.We know that power in an electric circuit element can be represented as
By integrating the above equation, we will get the energy stored in the capacitor as
So, the capacitor stores the energy in the form of electric field.
Tags:
electrical
